thrift,protobuf,avro序列化对比

1. 1.avro schema
2. 2.Thrift schema
3. 3.protobuf schema
4. 4.测试过程

对比thrift使用TCompactProtocol协议，protobuf使用，以及avro使用AvroKeyOutputFormat格式进行序列化对数据进行序列化后数据量大小

由于thrift的binary数据类型不能再次序列化化成二进制，所以测试的schema中没有binary类型的字段

1.avro schema#

测试数据的avro schema定义如下

{
  "namespace": "com.linkedin.haivvreo",
  "name": "test_serializer",
  "type": "record",
  "fields": [
    { "name":"string1", "type":"string" },
    { "name":"int1", "type":"int" },
    { "name":"tinyint1", "type":"int" },
    { "name":"smallint1", "type":"int" },
    { "name":"bigint1", "type":"long" },
    { "name":"boolean1", "type":"boolean" },
    { "name":"float1", "type":"float" },
    { "name":"double1", "type":"double" },
    { "name":"list1", "type":{"type":"array", "items":"string"} },
    { "name":"map1", "type":{"type":"map", "values":"int"} },
    { "name":"struct1", "type":{"type":"record", "name":"struct1_name", "fields": [
          { "name":"sInt", "type":"int" }, { "name":"sBoolean", "type":"boolean" }, { "name":"sString", "type":"string" } ] } },
    { "name":"enum1", "type":{"type":"enum", "name":"enum1_values", "symbols":["BLUE","RED", "GREEN"]} },
    { "name":"nullableint", "type":["int", "null"] }
  ] }

2.Thrift schema#

测试数据的thrift schema定义如下

namespace java com.linkedin.haivvreo

struct struct1_name{
    1: required i32 sInt;
    2: required bool sBoolean;
    3: required string sString;
}

enum enum1_values {
    BLUE,
    RED,
    GREEN
}

struct union1{
    1: optional double member0;
    2: optional bool member1;
    3: optional string member2;
}

struct test_serializer{
  1: required string string1;
  2: required i32 int1;
  3: required i32 tinyint1;
  4: required i32 smallint1;
  5: required i64 bigint1;
  6: required bool boolean1;
  7: required double float1;
  8: required double double1;
  9: required list<string> list1;
  10: required map<string, i32> map1;
  11: required struct1_name struct1;
  12: required string enum1;
  13: optional i32 nullableint
}

3.protobuf schema#

 

syntax = "proto3";
package com.linkedin.haivvreo;

message Struct1Name {
  int32 sInt = 1;
  bool sBoolean = 2;
  string sString = 3;
}

enum Enum1Values
{
  BLUE = 0; //proto3版本中，首成员必须为0，成员不应有相同的值
  RED = 1;
  GREEN = 2;
}

message TestSerializer {
  string string1 = 1;
  int32 int1 = 2;
  int32 tinyint1 = 3;
  int32 smallint1 = 4;
  int64 bigint1 = 5;
  bool boolean1 = 6;
  double float1 = 7;
  double double1 = 8;
  repeated string list1 = 9;
  map<string, int32> map1 = 10;
  Struct1Name struct1 = 11;
  Enum1Values enum1 = 12;
  int32 nullableint = 13;
}

编译protobuf schema

protoc -I=./ --java_out=src/main/java/ ./src/main/proto3/test_serializer.proto

4.测试过程#

数据内容如下，使用代码随机生成thrift object

val obj = new test_serializer()
obj.setString1(RandomStringUtils.randomAlphanumeric(10))
obj.setInt1(new java.util.Random().nextInt(100000))
obj.setTinyint1(new java.util.Random().nextInt(100))
obj.setSmallint1(new java.util.Random().nextInt(10))
obj.setBigint1(new java.util.Random().nextLong())
obj.setBoolean1(new java.util.Random().nextBoolean())
obj.setFloat1(new java.util.Random().nextFloat())
obj.setDouble1(new java.util.Random().nextDouble())
val cs1 = RandomStringUtils.randomAlphanumeric(10): CharSequence
val cs2 = RandomStringUtils.randomAlphanumeric(10): CharSequence
obj.setList1(List(cs1, cs2).asJava)
val map: java.util.Map[CharSequence, Integer] = HashMap(cs1 -> new java.util.Random().nextInt(10000), cs2 -> new java.util.Random().nextInt(10000))
  .map(line => (line._1, (Integer.valueOf(line._2)))).asJava
obj.setMap1(map)
val struct1 = new struct1_name
struct1.setSInt(new java.util.Random().nextInt(1000000))
struct1.setSBoolean(new java.util.Random().nextBoolean())
struct1.setSString(RandomStringUtils.randomAlphanumeric(10))
obj.setStruct1(struct1)
val enum1 = enum1_values.BLUE
obj.setEnum1(enum1)
obj.setNullableint(new java.util.Random().nextInt(10000))
obj

如下

如果是avro object的话，可以从avro java class生成

val rdd = sc.parallelize(Seq(1,1,1,1,1))
val rdd2 = rdd.map{ line =>
  val avroSchema = new Schema.Parser().parse(schemasStr)
  val avroRecord = new GenericData.Record(avroSchema)
  avroRecord.put("firstname", "hello")
  avroRecord.put("lastname", "world")
  avroRecord.put("age", 20)
  val childSchema = avroRecord.getSchema.getField("address").schema
  val childRecord = new GenericData.Record(childSchema)
  childRecord.put("streetaddress", "haidian")
  childRecord.put("city", "beijing")
  avroRecord.put("address", childRecord)
  avroRecord

也可以从avro schema生成

val rdd = spark.sparkContext.parallelize(Seq(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1))
val rdd2 = rdd.map { line =>
  val jsonFormatSchema = new String(Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get("src/main/resources/schema.avro")))
  val avroSchema = new Schema.Parser().parse(jsonFormatSchema)
  val datum = new GenericData.Record(avroSchema)
  datum.put("firstname", "xiao")
  datum.put("lastname", "ming")
  datum.put("age", 24)
  datum.put("test_field2", "test2")
  val childSchema = avroSchema.getField("address").schema()
  val childDatum = new GenericData.Record(childSchema)
  childDatum.put("streetaddress", "xierqi")
  childDatum.put("city", "beijing")
  datum.put("address", childDatum)
  datum.put("test_field", 222)
  datum
}

　　

spark rdd保存lzo文件

scala> import com.hadoop.compression.lzo.LzopCodec
import com.hadoop.compression.lzo.LzopCodec

scala> df.rdd.saveAsTextFile("/user/hive/warehouse/json_lzo", classOf[LzopCodec])

spark rdd保存snappy文件

scala> import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.SnappyCodec
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.SnappyCodec

scala> df.repartition(1).rdd.saveAsTextFile("/user/hive/warehouse/json_snappy", classOf[SnappyCodec])

 

测试数据

 

序列化框架	格式	压缩/序列化方式	数据行数	文件数量	文件大小
avro	AvroKeyOutputFormat	null	5250987	1	587.9 MB
avro	AvroKeyOutputFormat	SNAPPY	5250987	1	453.2 MB
avro	AvroParquetOutputFormat	SNAPPY	5250987	1	553.7 MB
thrift	ParquetThriftOutputFormat	SNAPPY	5250987	1	570.5 MB
thrift	SequenceFileOutputFormat	TBinaryProtocol	5250987	1	1.19 GB
thrift	SequenceFileOutputFormat	TCompactProtocol	5250987	1	788.7 MB
thrift	SequenceFileOutputFormat	TCompactProtocol+DefaultCodec	5250987	1	487.1 MB
json	textfile	null	5250987	1	1.84 GB
json	textfile	gzip	5250987	1	570.8 MB
json	textfile	lzo	5250987	1	716MB
json	textfile	snappy	5250987	1	727M