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flume学习笔记——安装和使用

Flume是一个分布式、可靠、和高可用的海量日志聚合的系统,支持在系统中定制各类数据发送方,用于收集数据;
同时,Flume提供对数据进行简单处理,并写到各种数据接受方(可定制)的能力。

Flume是一个专门设计用来从大量的源,推送数据到Hadoop生态系统中各种各样存储系统中去的,例如HDFS和HBase。

Guide: http://flume.apache.org/FlumeUserGuide.html

 

体系架构#

Flume的数据流由事件(Event)贯穿始终。事件是Flume的基本数据单位,它携带日志数据(字节数组形式)并且携带有头信息,这些Event由Agent外部的Source生成,当Source捕获事件后会进行特定的格式化,然后Source会把事件推入(单个或多个)Channel中。你可以把Channel看作是一个缓冲区,它将保存事件直到Sink处理完该事件。Sink负责持久化日志或者把事件推向另一个Source。

 Flume以Flume Agent最小的独立运行单位。一个Agent就是一个JVM。单agent由Source、Sink和Channel三大组件构成。一个Flume Agent可以连接一个或者多个其他的Flume Agent;一个Flume Agent也可以从一个或者多个Flume Agent接收数据。

注意:在Flume管道中如果有意想不到的错误、超时并进行了重试,Flume会产生重复的数据最终被被写入,后续需要处理这些冗余的数据。

具体可以参考文章:Flume教程(一) Flume入门教程

 

组件#

Source:source是从一些其他产生数据的应用中接收数据的活跃组件。Source可以监听一个或者多个网络端口,用于接收数据或者可以从本地文件系统读取数据。每个Source必须至少连接一个Channel。基于一些标准,一个Source可以写入几个Channel,复制事件到所有或者某些Channel。

Source可以通过处理器 - 拦截器 - 选择器路由写入多个Channel。

Channel:channel的行为像队列,Source写入到channel,Sink从Channel中读取。多个Source可以安全地写入到相同的Channel,并且多个Sink可以从相同的Channel进行读取。

可是一个Sink只能从一个Channel读取。如果多个Sink从相同的Channel读取,它可以保证只有一个Sink将会从Channel读取一个指定特定的事件。

Flume自带两类Channel:Memory Channel和File Channel。Memory Channel的数据会在JVM或者机器重启后丢失;File Channel不会。

**Sink: **sink连续轮询各自的Channel来读取和删除事件。

拦截器:每次Source将数据写入Channel,它是通过委派该任务到其Channel处理器来完成,然后Channel处理器将这些事件传到一个或者多个Source配置的拦截器中。

拦截器是一段代码,基于某些标准,如正则表达式,拦截器可以用来删除事件,为事件添加新报头或者移除现有的报头等。每个Source可以配置成使用多个拦截器,按照配置中定义的顺序被调用,将拦截器的结果传递给链的下一个单元。一旦拦截器处理完事件,拦截器链返回的事件列表传递到Channel列表,即通过Channel选择器为每个事件选择的Channel。

 

组件功能

功能

Agent使用JVM运行Flume。每台机器运行一个agent,但是可以在一个agent中包含多个sources和sinks。

使用JVM运行Flume。每台机器运行一个agent,但是可以在一个agent中包含多个sources和sinks。

Client生产数据,运行在一个独立的线程。

生产数据,运行在一个独立的线程。

Source从Client收集数据,传递给Channel。

从Client收集数据,传递给Channel。

Sink从Channel收集数据,运行在一个独立线程。

从Channel收集数据,运行在一个独立线程。

Channel连接sources和sinks,这个有点像一个队列。

连接sources和sinks,这个有点像一个队列。

Events可以是日志记录、avro对象等。

可以是日志记录、avro对象等。

 

配置文件#

Flume Agent使用纯文本配置文件来配置。Flume配置使用属性文件格式,仅仅是用换行符分隔的键值对的纯文本文件,如:key1 = value1;当有多个的时候:agent.sources = r1 r2

参考 flume配置介绍

 

  1. 从file source 到 file sink的配置文件
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# ========= Name the components on this agent =========
agent.sources = r1
agent.channels = c1
agent.sinks = s1
agent.sources.r1.interceptors = i1

agent.sources.r1.interceptors.i1.type = Inteceptor.DemoInterceptor$Builder

# ========= Describe the source =============
agent.sources.r1.type = spooldir
agent.sources.r1.spoolDir = /home/lintong/桌面/data/input

# ========= Describe the channel =============
# Use a channel which buffers events in memory
agent.channels.c1.type = memory
agent.channels.c1.capacity = 100000
agent.channels.c1.transactionCapacity = 1000

# ========= Describe the sink =============
agent.sinks.s1.type = file_roll
agent.sinks.s1.sink.directory = /home/lintong/桌面/data/output
agent.sinks.s1.sink.rollInterval = 0

# ========= Bind the source and sink to the channel =============
agent.sources.r1.channels = c1
agent.sinks.s1.channel = c1

 

  1. 从kafka source 到 file sink的配置文件,kafka使用zookeeper,但是建议使用bootstrap-server
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# ========= Name the components on this agent =========
agent.sources = r1
agent.channels = c1
agent.sinks = s1
agent.sources.r1.interceptors = i1

agent.sources.r1.interceptors.i1.type = Inteceptor.DemoInterceptor$Builder

# ========= Describe the source =============
agent.sources.r1.type=org.apache.flume.source.kafka.KafkaSource
agent.sources.r1.zookeeperConnect=127.0.0.1:2181
agent.sources.r1.topic=test #不能写成topics
#agent.sources.kafkaSource.groupId=flume
agent.sources.kafkaSource.kafka.consumer.timeout.ms=100

# ========= Describe the channel =============
# Use a channel which buffers events in memory
agent.channels.c1.type = memory
agent.channels.c1.capacity = 100000
agent.channels.c1.transactionCapacity = 1000

# ========= Describe the sink =============
agent.sinks.s1.type = file_roll
agent.sinks.s1.sink.directory = /home/lintong/桌面/data/output
agent.sinks.s1.sink.rollInterval = 0

# ========= Bind the source and sink to the channel =============
agent.sources.r1.channels = c1
agent.sinks.s1.channel = c1

 

3.kafka source到kafka sink的配置文件

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# ========= Name the components on this agent =========
agent.sources = r1
agent.channels = c1
agent.sinks = s1 s2
agent.sources.r1.interceptors = i1

agent.sources.r1.interceptors.i1.type = com.XXX.interceptor.XXXInterceptor$Builder

# ========= Describe the source =============
agent.sources.r1.type = org.apache.flume.source.kafka.KafkaSource
agent.sources.r1.channels = c1
agent.sources.r1.zookeeperConnect = localhost:2181
agent.sources.r1.topic = input

# ========= Describe the channel =============
# Use a channel which buffers events in memory
agent.channels.c1.type = memory
agent.channels.c1.capacity = 100000
agent.channels.c1.transactionCapacity = 1000

# ========= Describe the sink =============
agent.sinks.s1.type = org.apache.flume.sink.kafka.KafkaSink
agent.sinks.s1.topic = test
agent.sinks.s1.brokerList = localhost:9092
# 避免死循环
agent.sinks.s1.allowTopicOverride = false

agent.sinks.s2.type = file_roll
agent.sinks.s2.sink.directory = /home/lintong/桌面/data/output
agent.sinks.s2.sink.rollInterval = 0

# ========= Bind the source and sink to the channel =============
agent.sources.r1.channels = c1
agent.sinks.s1.channel = c1
#agent.sinks.s2.channel = c1

 

4.file source到hbase sink的配置文件

从文件读取实时消息,不做处理直接存储到Hbase

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# ========= Name the components on this agent =========
agent.sources = r1
agent.channels = c1
agent.sinks = s1

# ========= Describe the source =============
agent.sources.r1.type = exec
agent.sources.r1.command = tail -f /home/lintong/桌面/test.log
agent.sources.r1.checkperiodic = 50


# ========= Describe the sink =============
agent.channels.c1.type = memory
agent.channels.c1.capacity = 100000
agent.channels.c1.transactionCapacity = 1000

# agent.channels.file-channel.type = file
# agent.channels.file-channel.checkpointDir = /data/flume-hbase-test/checkpoint
# agent.channels.file-channel.dataDirs = /data/flume-hbase-test/data

# ========= Describe the sink =============
agent.sinks.s1.type = org.apache.flume.sink.hbase.HBaseSink
agent.sinks.s1.zookeeperQuorum=master:2183
#HBase表名
agent.sinks.s1.table=mikeal-hbase-table
#HBase表的列族名称
agent.sinks.s1.columnFamily=familyclom1
agent.sinks.s1.serializer = org.apache.flume.sink.hbase.SimpleHbaseEventSerializer
#HBase表的列族下的某个列名称
agent.sinks.s1.serializer.payloadColumn=cloumn-1


# ========= Bind the source and sink to the channel =============
agent.sources.r1.channels = c1
agent.sinks.s1.channel=c1

 

5.source是http,sink是kafka

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# ========= Name the components on this agent =========
agent.sources = r1
agent.channels = c1
agent.sinks = s1 s2

# ========= Describe the source =============
agent.sources.r1.type=http
agent.sources.r1.bind=localhost
agent.sources.r1.port=50000
agent.sources.r1.channels=c1

# ========= Describe the channel =============
# Use a channel which buffers events in memory
agent.channels.c1.type = memory
agent.channels.c1.capacity = 100000
agent.channels.c1.transactionCapacity = 1000

# ========= Describe the sink =============
agent.sinks.s1.type = org.apache.flume.sink.kafka.KafkaSink
agent.sinks.s1.topic = test_topic
agent.sinks.s1.brokerList = master:9092
# 避免死循环
agent.sinks.s1.allowTopicOverride = false

agent.sinks.s2.type = file_roll
agent.sinks.s2.sink.directory = /home/lintong/桌面/data/output
agent.sinks.s2.sink.rollInterval = 0

# ========= Bind the source and sink to the channel =============
agent.sources.r1.channels = c1
agent.sinks.s1.channel = c1
#agent.sinks.s2.channel = c1

 

如果在启动flume的时候遇到

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java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/hadoop/hbase/***

解决方案,在 ~/software/apache/hadoop-2.9.1/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh 中添加

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HADOOP_CLASSPATH=/home/lintong/software/apache/hbase-1.2.6/lib/*

 

5.kafka source到hdfs sink的配置文件

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# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
# or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
# distributed with this work for additional information
# regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
# with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
# KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
# specific language governing permissions and limitations
# under the License.


# The configuration file needs to define the sources,
# the channels and the sinks.
# Sources, channels and sinks are defined per agent,
# in this case called 'agent'

# ========= Name the components on this agent =========
agent.sources = r1
agent.channels = c1
agent.sinks = s1
agent.sources.r1.interceptors = i1

agent.sources.r1.interceptors.i1.type = Util.HdfsInterceptor$Builder

# ========= Describe the source =============
agent.sources.r1.type = org.apache.flume.source.kafka.KafkaSource
agent.sources.r1.channels = c1
agent.sources.r1.zookeeperConnect = localhost:2181
agent.sources.r1.topic = topicB
#agent.sources.r1.kafka.consumer.max.partition.fetch.bytes = 409600000

# ========= Describe the channel =============
# Use a channel which buffers events in memory
agent.channels.c1.type = memory
agent.channels.c1.capacity = 100000
agent.channels.c1.transactionCapacity = 1000
#agent.channels.c1.keep-alive = 60

# ========= Describe the sink =============
agent.sinks.s1.type = hdfs
agent.sinks.s1.hdfs.path = /user/lintong/logs/nsh/json/%{filepath}/ds=%{ds}
agent.sinks.s1.hdfs.filePrefix = test
agent.sinks.s1.hdfs.fileSuffix = .log
agent.sinks.s1.hdfs.fileType = DataStream
agent.sinks.s1.hdfs.useLocalTimeStamp = true
agent.sinks.s1.hdfs.writeFormat = Text
agent.sinks.s1.hdfs.rollCount = 0
agent.sinks.s1.hdfs.rollSize = 10240
agent.sinks.s1.hdfs.rollInterval = 600
agent.sinks.s1.hdfs.batchSize = 500
agent.sinks.s1.hdfs.threadsPoolSize = 10
agent.sinks.s1.hdfs.idleTimeout = 0
agent.sinks.s1.hdfs.minBlockReplicas = 1
agent.sinks.s1.channel = fileChannel


# ========= Bind the source and sink to the channel =============
agent.sources.r1.channels = c1
agent.sinks.s1.channel = c1

 hdfs sink的配置参数参考:Flume中的HDFS Sink配置参数说明

因为写HDFS的速度很慢,当数据量大的时候会出现一下问题

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org.apache.flume.ChannelException: Take list for MemoryTransaction, capacity 1000 full, consider committing more frequently, increasing capacity, or increasing thread count

可以将内存channel改成file channel或者改成kafka channel

当换成kafka channel的时候,数据量大的时候,依然会问题

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16:07:48.615 ERROR org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.internals.ConsumerCoordinator:550 - Error ILLEGAL_GENERATION occurred while committing offsets for group flume
16:07:48.617 ERROR org.apache.flume.source.kafka.KafkaSource:317 - KafkaSource EXCEPTION, {}
org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.CommitFailedException: Commit cannot be completed due to group rebalance
at org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.internals.ConsumerCoordinator$OffsetCommitResponseHandler.handle(ConsumerCoordinator.java:552)

或者

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ERROR org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.internals.ConsumerCoordinator:550 - Error UNKNOWN_MEMBER_ID occurred while committing offsets for group flume

参考:flume1.7使用KafkaSource采集大量数据

Flume官方使用kafka channel的Demo

修改增大以下两个参数

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agent.sources.r1.kafka.consumer.max.partition.fetch.bytes = 409600000
agent.sources.r1.kafka.consumer.timeout.ms = 100

kafka channel 爆了

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ERROR org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.internals.ConsumerCoordinator:550 - Error UNKNOWN_MEMBER_ID occurred while committing offsets for group flume

添加参数

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agent.channels.c1.kafka.consumer.session.timeout.ms=100000
agent.channels.c1.kafka.consumer.request.timeout.ms=110000
agent.channels.c1.kafka.consumer.fetch.max.wait.ms=1000

 

命令#

启动

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bin/flume-ng agent -c conf -f conf/flume-conf.properties -n agent -Dflume.root.logger=INFO,console