tonglin0325的个人主页

Helm基本操作

tonglin0325

Helm是k8s的包管理工具，使用helm可以简化k8s应用部署

而使用了helm之后，helm会提供一个模板，将这些yaml文件作为一个整体进行管理，高效复用，同时方便版本管理

 

1.安装Helm和配置仓库#

1
2
https://helm.sh/zh/docs/intro/install/

mac安装helm

1
2
brew install helm

ubuntu安装helm

1
2
3
4
5
6
curl https://baltocdn.com/helm/signing.asc | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https --yes
echo "deb https://baltocdn.com/helm/stable/debian/ all main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/helm-stable-debian.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install helm

添加helm bitnami源

1
2
3
helm repo add bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami
helm repo update

添加helm阿里云源

1
2
3
4
helm repo remove stable
helm repo add stable https://kubernetes.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/charts
helm repo update

删除helm源

1
helm repo remove stable

2.查找chart#

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
helm search repo nginx

NAME                            	CHART VERSION	APP VERSION	DESCRIPTION
bitnami/nginx                   	9.8.0        	1.21.6     	NGINX Open Source is a web server that can be a...
bitnami/nginx-ingress-controller	9.1.7        	1.1.1      	NGINX Ingress Controller is an Ingress controll...
bitnami/nginx-intel             	0.1.4        	0.4.7      	NGINX Open Source for Intel is a lightweight se...
stable/nginx-ingress            	0.9.5        	0.10.2     	An nginx Ingress controller that uses ConfigMap...
stable/nginx-lego               	0.3.1        	           	Chart for nginx-ingress-controller and kube-lego
bitnami/kong                    	5.0.2        	2.7.0      	Kong is a scalable, open source API layer (aka ...
stable/gcloud-endpoints         	0.1.0        	           	Develop, deploy, protect and monitor your APIs ...

helm search repo kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                            CHART VERSION   APP VERSION     DESCRIPTION
stable/kubernetes-dashboard     0.6.0           1.8.3           General-purpose web UI for Kubernetes clusters

　　

3.部署release#

其中mynginx是部署后的release名称，bitnami/nginx是chart的名称

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
helm install mynginx bitnami/nginx

NAME: mynginx
LAST DEPLOYED: Wed Jun  1 17:29:42 2022
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
TEST SUITE: None
NOTES:
CHART NAME: nginx
CHART VERSION: 9.8.0
APP VERSION: 1.21.6

** Please be patient while the chart is being deployed **

NGINX can be accessed through the following DNS name from within your cluster:

    mynginx.default.svc.cluster.local (port 80)

To access NGINX from outside the cluster, follow the steps below:

1. Get the NGINX URL by running these commands:

  NOTE: It may take a few minutes for the LoadBalancer IP to be available.
        Watch the status with: 'kubectl get svc --namespace default -w mynginx'

    export SERVICE_PORT=$(kubectl get --namespace default -o jsonpath="{.spec.ports[0].port}" services mynginx)
    export SERVICE_IP=$(kubectl get svc --namespace default mynginx -o jsonpath='{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}')
    echo "http://${SERVICE_IP}:${SERVICE_PORT}"

如果想卸载release

1
2
3
4
helm uninstall mynginx -n default

release "mynginx" uninstalled

　　

4.查看部署的release#

1
2
3
4
5
helm list

NAME   	NAMESPACE	REVISION	UPDATED                             	STATUS  	CHART      	APP VERSION
mynginx	default  	1       	2022-06-01 17:29:42.587416 +0800 CST	deployed	nginx-9.8.0	1.21.6

或者

1
2
3
4
helm ls -A
NAME                    NAMESPACE       REVISION        UPDATED                                 STATUS          CHART                           APP VERSION
kubernetes-dashboard    kube-system     1               2022-03-01 20:31:13.287929871 +0800 CST deployed        kubernetes-dashboard-0.6.0      1.8.3

查看部署release的状态

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
helm status mynginx

NAME: mynginx
LAST DEPLOYED: Wed Jun  1 23:28:47 2022
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
TEST SUITE: None
NOTES:
CHART NAME: nginx
CHART VERSION: 9.8.0
APP VERSION: 1.21.6

** Please be patient while the chart is being deployed **

NGINX can be accessed through the following DNS name from within your cluster:

    mynginx.default.svc.cluster.local (port 80)

To access NGINX from outside the cluster, follow the steps below:

1. Get the NGINX URL by running these commands:

  NOTE: It may take a few minutes for the LoadBalancer IP to be available.
        Watch the status with: 'kubectl get svc --namespace default -w mynginx'

    export SERVICE_PORT=$(kubectl get --namespace default -o jsonpath="{.spec.ports[0].port}" services mynginx)
    export SERVICE_IP=$(kubectl get svc --namespace default mynginx -o jsonpath='{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}')
    echo "http://${SERVICE_IP}:${SERVICE_PORT}"

可以看到pod已经启动

1
2
3
4
kubectl get pod -A
NAMESPACE     NAME                                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS        AGE
default       mynginx-5998cdd48b-x59wz                 1/1     Running   0               3m29s

查看service

1
2
3
4
kubectl get svc --namespace default mynginx
NAME      TYPE           CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
mynginx   LoadBalancer   10.99.159.33   localhost     80:31833/TCP   3m57s

可以通过访问localhost:80访问nginx的页面

 

5.更新values.yaml#

首先下载chart并解压

1
2
3
helm fetch bitnami/nginx
tar -zxvf nginx-9.8.0.tgz

编辑values.yaml，修改nginx HTTP port 80成18000

如果修改了values文件，可以这样更新

1
2
helm upgrade mynginx -f ./values.yaml . --namespace default

可以看到service端口已经被更新到18000

1
2
3
4
5
kubectl get svc -A
NAMESPACE     NAME         TYPE           CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                  AGE
default       kubernetes   ClusterIP      10.96.0.1       <none>        443/TCP                  17d
default       mynginx      LoadBalancer   10.111.232.86   localhost     18000:32395/TCP          3m58s

或者也可以直接编辑service来修改端口

1
2
kubectl edit svc mynginx

 

  

6.如何创建chart#

创建chart模板

1
2
helm create mychart

或者

创建deployment.yaml

1
2
3
4
5
kubectl create deployment mynginx --image=nginx --dry-run=client -o yaml > deployment.yaml

➜  /Users/lintong/coding/helm/mychart/templates $ ls
deployment.yaml

创建pod

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
kubectl create deployment mynginx --image=nginx
deployment.apps/mynginx created

kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE     NAME                                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS        AGE
default       mynginx-654f8684f8-74dlg                 1/1     Running   0               26s

创建service.yaml

1
2
3
4
5
kubectl expose deployment mynginx --port=18000 --target-port=80 --type=NodePort --dry-run=client -o yaml > service.yaml

➜  /Users/lintong/coding/helm/mychart/templates $ ls
deployment.yaml service.yaml

之后就可以安装了mychart了

1
2
➜  /Users/lintong/coding/helm $ helm install mynginx mychart/

可以在values.yaml文件中定义变量，然后供deployment.yaml和service.yaml使用，比如

1
2
3
4
5
6
replicas: 1
image: nginx
tag: 1.16
label: nginx
port: 18000

然后修改deployment，service和ingress的模板，以 .Values.变量名称 的方式来使用values.yaml中的变量

deployment.yaml

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  labels:
    app: {{ .Values.label }}
  name: {{ .Release.Name }}-deploy
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: {{ .Values.label }}
  strategy: {}
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        app: {{ .Values.label }}
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: {{ .Values.image }}
        name: {{ .Values.label }}
        resources: {}
status: {}

service.yaml

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  labels:
    app: {{ .Values.label }}
  name: {{ .Release.Name }}-svc
spec:
  ports:
  - port: {{ .Values.port }}
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 80
  selector:
    app: {{ .Values.label }}
  type: NodePort
status:
  loadBalancer: {}

ingress.yaml

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: {{ .Release.Name }}-ingress
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx-internal
  labels:
    app: {{ .Values.label }}
spec:
  rules:
  - host: {{ .Values.label }}.k8s.xxx.com
    http:
      paths:
      - backend:
          service:
            name: {{ .Release.Name }}-svc
            port:
              number: {{ .Values.port }}
        path: /
        pathType: ImplementationSpecific

验证模板

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
helm install myweb mychart/ --dry-run

NAME: myweb
LAST DEPLOYED: Thu Jun  2 17:02:29 2022
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: pending-install
REVISION: 1
TEST SUITE: None
HOOKS:
MANIFEST:
---
# Source: mychart/templates/service.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  labels:
    app: nginx
  name: myweb-svc
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 18000
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 80
  selector:
    app: nginx
  type: NodePort
status:
  loadBalancer: {}
---
# Source: mychart/templates/deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  labels:
    app: nginx
  name: myweb-deploy
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  strategy: {}
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx
        name: nginx
        resources: {}
status: {}

install release

1
2
helm install myweb mychart/

接下来就可以使用下面命令查看域名，来访问服务

1
2
kubectl get ingress -n default

如果想要卸载release的话

1
2
helm install myweb -n default

其他helm变量用法可以参考：Helm教程

 

tonglin0325

标签

标签云

AWS Airbnb Android CDH Doris ELK Flink Git Grafana HAProxy HBase Hadoop Hive Hudi InfluxDB JDBC JMeter JVM JavaSE JavaWeb LaTex Linkedin Linux ML ML Infra MPP Maven MySQL Nexus OpenTSDB Paper Play Prometheus Python React Redis RocksDB Scala Solr Spark SpringBoot SpringMVC Thrift YARN antlr arthas avro cassandra clickhouse confluent docker filebeat flume golang google gradle hexo impala jenkins k8s kafka kerberos kudu ldap mac mongo mybatis nginx nlp open-falcon parquet presto ranger scyllaDB twitter zookeeper 前端 图存储及计算 多线程 广告系统 开发工具 数据结构 杂谈 正则表达式 算法 系统设计 计算机网络 设计模式

文章归档

最近文章